Racial injustice is linked to place. While transnational solidarity is important for racial empowerment and there have been studies concerning racial injustice in urban environments, or through the indigenous experience, delegitimising local communities through their links with land has not been examined through the lens of landscape destruction, or spatial injustice. Landscape or place is an important variable for parsing the relationships between communities and their environs, as these unique interactions characterise customary practices, livelihoods and identity. As landscape represents the cultural dimension of land, its delegitimisation and destruction align with the dehumanisation of locally embedded cultures and communities. Caribbean landscapes in particular suffered enormous rupture through genocide, slavery and dispossession, and should be characterised as zones of displacement: displacement within, displacement without and ‘displacement in place’ (Mollett). This chapter examines the relevance of displacement as a conceptual and theoretical framework for assessing contemporary law and its dismissal of place-protective behaviour as threatening to public order and property. The phenomena of development and disaster, though seemingly diametrically opposed, in fact deploy similar legal mechanisms to ensure space is evacuated of ‘property outsiders’ (Fox O’Mahoney) in order to ‘safeguard’ land rights. Restrictive interpretations of standing also ensure these outsiders, usually Afro-descendant and/or Afro-indigenous communities, have no recourse to the courts. A spatial justice analysis thus yields insights into the way communities are criminalised and policed, in direct proportion to the securitisation of the landscape.

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Displacement as Racial Injustice: Slow Violence in Caribbean Landscapes

  • Amanda Byer

摘要

Racial injustice is linked to place. While transnational solidarity is important for racial empowerment and there have been studies concerning racial injustice in urban environments, or through the indigenous experience, delegitimising local communities through their links with land has not been examined through the lens of landscape destruction, or spatial injustice. Landscape or place is an important variable for parsing the relationships between communities and their environs, as these unique interactions characterise customary practices, livelihoods and identity. As landscape represents the cultural dimension of land, its delegitimisation and destruction align with the dehumanisation of locally embedded cultures and communities. Caribbean landscapes in particular suffered enormous rupture through genocide, slavery and dispossession, and should be characterised as zones of displacement: displacement within, displacement without and ‘displacement in place’ (Mollett). This chapter examines the relevance of displacement as a conceptual and theoretical framework for assessing contemporary law and its dismissal of place-protective behaviour as threatening to public order and property. The phenomena of development and disaster, though seemingly diametrically opposed, in fact deploy similar legal mechanisms to ensure space is evacuated of ‘property outsiders’ (Fox O’Mahoney) in order to ‘safeguard’ land rights. Restrictive interpretations of standing also ensure these outsiders, usually Afro-descendant and/or Afro-indigenous communities, have no recourse to the courts. A spatial justice analysis thus yields insights into the way communities are criminalised and policed, in direct proportion to the securitisation of the landscape.