The Problem with Justice: A Case Study of the Response to Colonial Violence and Possibilities for Justice in Nigeria and Canada
摘要
Gendered and racialized violence against women and children is deeply rooted in colonial state functions. This violence remains an effective strategy for keeping colonized people displaced and disconnected, subordinating generations of past, present, and future. The ongoing nature of such violence is tied to state systems of justice that have been implicit in the violence in their absence, neglect, and failures while monopolizing other possibilities for conceptualizing justice and addressing harm. Using the case studies of missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and Two-spirit+ (MMIWG2S+) people in Canada and women and girls in post-war Nigeria, we highlight the limits of state justice for addressing gendered and racialized violence. Our comparative analysis highlights the limits of justice as a colonial temporality as conceptualized and practiced in modern institutions. We further consider possibilities of moving beyond state justice through the grounded activities of women and children in navigating the violence, dislocation, and displacement. In comparing our two countries, we draw possibilities and commonalities between the global north and south divide. We highlight the need for justices in their multiplicity that are contextually responsive, amorphous, fluid, and outside of modern linear and procedural justice.