The census process is a critical foundation for national data collection, policymaking, and government planning. The digitization of the census process offers significant potential to improve accuracy, data integrity, and efficiency. This research examines the digital transformation of the census process in Iraq as a case study. The main objective is to evaluate the benefits and obstacles encountered in the application of digital tools throughout the census operation of 2024. Data were gathered from a triangulation of various sources. Conducting interviews with 150 census enumerators in Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan region of Iraq, provided comprehensive information on the process, supplemented by document analysis and direct observation to enhance the research findings. The findings indicate numerous advantages, including improved time efficiency, data accuracy, user-friendliness, and increased data security. The research concurrently highlighted numerous significant challenges, including technological infrastructure issues, software limitations, administrative inefficiencies, and concerns about public trust. In light of these findings, the study offers a set of practical recommendations to improve future Iraqi censuses. This first study on the digital transformation of the census process in Iraq seeks to inform policymakers, government officials, and researchers, providing essential knowledge to facilitate future improvements.