Applying the Estimand Framework: Case Studies in Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Infectious Diseases and Vaccines
摘要
The estimand framework has been widely applied in drug development to define trial objectives and establish clear estimands across various therapeutic areas. Unique challenges and specific considerations may arise in practice across different therapeutic areas. This chapter illustrates the practical implementation of the estimand framework in cardiovascular, respiratory, and infectious diseases and preventive vaccines through case studies in chronic heart failure (HF), asthma, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and rabies vaccine, respectively. Each case study discusses the development of the primary estimand, strategies for addressing the intercurrent events, and the rationale behind these choices, along with the associated analysis methods. Additionally, it explores alternative estimands and relevant supplementary analyses. The thinking process illustrated in these case studies offers broad insights that are applicable to other fields.