This chapter explores how three social science perspectives offer distinctive frameworks for tackling complex societal challenges that span sectoral and geographic boundaries. Systems approaches illuminate the dynamic relationships among human, technical, and natural forces. Organisational hybridity reveals how organisations can bridge multiple institutional logics to pursue social impact alongside financial profits. Relational working examines the collaborative processes through which transformative change occurs in practice. Through case studies of Maven Clinic’s transformation of women’s healthcare and Aviva’s neurodiversity initiative, we demonstrate how these perspectives provide vital insights: the holistic understanding, organisational structures, and human interactions that help to catalyse positive systemic change. While scientific and technological advances remain essential for today’s global challenges, their successful implementation depends on understanding and shaping human, social, and organisational dynamics. The social sciences equip us with crucial tools for this work, helping practitioners and researchers to navigate the intricate landscape of large-scale change for people and the planet.