This chapter explores the pathology of the lungs, encompassing inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions. Key topics include acute conditions such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and bronchopneumonia, as well as chronic diseases such as honeycomb lung and lipid pneumonia. Infectious processes, including aspergillosis and tuberculosis, are discussed, with emphasis on characteristic findings such as the Ghon complex. Complications such as empyema and pleural abnormalities, including pleural plaques, are addressed. The chapter also delves into lung neoplasms, distinguishing between primary lung tumors and metastatic secondary lung cancers. Common malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer, are analyzed with respect to their histological features, clinical presentations, and diagnostic approaches. Unique radiological patterns, such as the crazy-paving appearance, are highlighted for their diagnostic significance. This comprehensive overview integrates the pathological, clinical, and radiological aspects of lung diseases, offering essential insights for understanding pulmonary disorders.