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Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming reconstructive and aesthetic surgery by enhancing surgical precision, clinical decision-making, and patient personalization. This critical review explores recent applications of AI in six key domains: reconstructive procedures, oncological surgery, surgical education, aesthetic interventions, dermatological conditions, and burn care. A comprehensive PubMed search conducted throughout 2024 yielded 321 articles, of which 86 met rigorous inclusion criteria. AI-driven technologies demonstrate considerable promise in augmenting preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative evaluation. In reconstructive contexts, machine-learning algorithms support outcome optimization and reduce surgical variability. Oncological applications enhance diagnostic accuracy and streamline complex treatment workflows. Educational simulations integrate AI for training in clinical reasoning and robotic surgery, while aesthetic applications improve objectivity in facial analysis and treatment harmonization. Additionally, AI supports the management of chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, and burn injuries through predictive analytics and digital monitoring. Nonetheless, these advancements are accompanied by important caveats. Concerns remain regarding data heterogeneity, algorithmic opacity, limited external validation, and unresolved ethical issues related to privacy, clinical responsibility, and potential bias. Future integration must be guided by interdisciplinary frameworks that center ethical vigilance and patient dignity. This review presents a nuanced perspective that recognizes both the transformative potential and the necessary caution surrounding AI adoption in surgical practice. The findings support a future where AI complements, rather than replaces, the clinical artistry at the heart of plastic surgery.

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Artificial Intelligence in Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery: A Critical Review of Emerging Clinical Applications and Ethical Challenges

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mohamed Nazih Assabbane,
  • Oumkeltoum El Atiqi,
  • Samira Boukind,
  • Moulay Driss El Amrani,
  • Yassine Benchamkha

摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming reconstructive and aesthetic surgery by enhancing surgical precision, clinical decision-making, and patient personalization. This critical review explores recent applications of AI in six key domains: reconstructive procedures, oncological surgery, surgical education, aesthetic interventions, dermatological conditions, and burn care. A comprehensive PubMed search conducted throughout 2024 yielded 321 articles, of which 86 met rigorous inclusion criteria. AI-driven technologies demonstrate considerable promise in augmenting preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative evaluation. In reconstructive contexts, machine-learning algorithms support outcome optimization and reduce surgical variability. Oncological applications enhance diagnostic accuracy and streamline complex treatment workflows. Educational simulations integrate AI for training in clinical reasoning and robotic surgery, while aesthetic applications improve objectivity in facial analysis and treatment harmonization. Additionally, AI supports the management of chronic wounds, diabetic ulcers, and burn injuries through predictive analytics and digital monitoring. Nonetheless, these advancements are accompanied by important caveats. Concerns remain regarding data heterogeneity, algorithmic opacity, limited external validation, and unresolved ethical issues related to privacy, clinical responsibility, and potential bias. Future integration must be guided by interdisciplinary frameworks that center ethical vigilance and patient dignity. This review presents a nuanced perspective that recognizes both the transformative potential and the necessary caution surrounding AI adoption in surgical practice. The findings support a future where AI complements, rather than replaces, the clinical artistry at the heart of plastic surgery.