This chapter examines how enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) facilitates a fundamental shift from traditional, handcrafted rule-based automation to AI-agent-driven enterprise autonomization. While global Enterprise AI spending increased sixfold from $2.3 billion to $13.8 billion between 2023 and 2024, only an estimated 4% of companies have achieved enterprise-wide AI capabilities, highlighting both the promise and the challenge of this transformation. This emphasizes the importance of strategic alignment, focused implementation, and realistic expectations. Consequently, we distinguish between automation’s largely deterministic, rule-based execution and autonomization’s goal-oriented, adaptive approach, where AI agents independently determine paths to achieve specified objectives. Through secondary case studies from JPMorgan Chase, General Electric, Walmart, and healthcare institutions, we demonstrate how process autonomization enables efficiency improvements and entirely new business models. We present a three-phase implementation framework (Deploy, Reshape, Invent) and address workforce transformation requirements. We conclude that successful enterprise autonomization requires equal investment in technology and human capabilities, creating synergistic systems where human creativity and AI autonomy amplify each other’s strengths to achieve previously impossible outcomes.