The previous chapter dealt with the comparison of EU security agencies. This chapter is structured into four sections that focus on different aspects of these agencies in terms of future challenges. First, there are analysed challenges linked to the environment, in which agencies operate. This environment is characterized by an ongoing security crisis and the implications of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Second, there are challenges associated with the EU institutional structure including the politicization of the agenda and EU governance. Third, there is a focus on the agencies themselves, especially in terms of legitimacy and accountability. Finally, this chapter discusses the possible future of the EU agencies in the context of the mentioned challenges.