This chapter focuses on an understudied field of modern architecture and urban planning in the Czech lands, namely the garden city movement. Examining this particular field sheds new light on the actors and their agenda that has a lasting impact on the current nostalgia of fin-de-siècle and interwar Czechoslovakia. Using two case studies, the Prague garden cities of Krč (from 1911 on) and Ořechovka (from 1919 on), I examine how Czech national identity was closely linked to the English model settlement. The study also shows how the garden city concept was adopted by certain proponents of urban reform, developers and architects both before and after the First World War. In addition, it provides insights from the perspective of the residents on how they coped with and shaped the new built environment.