NASA also supported opportunities for individual scientists to propose experiments to be deployed on the lunar surface. In this way, the Apollo program foresightedly represented and served the needs of a broad cross-section of the scientific community. These experiments would provide more comprehensive knowledge of the physical nature of the lunar surface, near-surface, and interior as well as the surrounding environment, and its interactions with the surface. Thermal control for lunar surface packages is and continues to be extremely challenging. Bendix met operational requirements by utilizing a parabolic radiator reflector design (Harris, Apollo Experience Report—Thermal Design of Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package, NASA TN D-6738. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19720013192/downloads/19720013192.pdf , 1972) which continues to be used to this day, along with RadioThermal Heat Units (RHUs). Power was be supplied by solar panels or RadioThermal Generators (RTGs). Astronauts deployed these experiments, the first EVA being largely dedicated to that process. Lunar interior experiments included the Lunar Ranging RetroReflector, passive seismic experiments, active seismic experiments, the heat flow experiment, gravimeters, and magnetometers. The regolith was analyzed via dust, electromagnetic and neutron probe (composition) characterization experiments. Lunar environmental experiments included solar wind, charged particle, cosmic ray, and lunar atmosphere analyzers.