As an economic system, capitalism is fundamentally structured around perpetual growth, measured primarily through GDP expansion, corporate profits and market competitiveness. However, this growth-driven model increasingly conflicts with global sustainability objectives, emphasizing ecological balance, social equity, and long-term resource preservation. The tension between these paradigms is exacerbated by political instability, corporate short-termism, and regulatory inconsistencies. The chapter's main objective is to analyse how stakeholders define, implement, and conflict over sustainability practices, and to develop a policy-business-technology framework for authentic ESG alignment. This paper examines the structural barriers to sustainability within capitalist frameworks, analysing businesses, governments, and NGOs’ roles in advancing or obstructing sustainable transitions.