Musculoskeletal disorders present daily challenges for individuals and strain the healthcare system, with their prevalence continuing to rise despite established treatment possibilities. This underscores the necessity to explore novel approaches. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, renowned for the regenerative capacities, offer promising avenues for addressing musculoskeletal conditions. Given their extensive applicability, spanning from bone fractures and osteoporosis to tendinopathies and Dupuytren’s disease toward non-classified chronic musculoskeletal pain, the versatility of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells becomes evident. Meanwhile, there has been an increasing number of in vivo studies, assessing various conditions in patients, supplementing the preexisting in vitro studies. This review aims to highlight the importance of exploring alternative treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders. Herein, we specifically concentrate on musculoskeletal conditions affecting the upper body and shed light on the regenerative abilities of fat grafting and its diverse application possibilities.