A common consequence of various abiotic stresses is the disorder in the balance of the formation and removal of reactive oxygen species. The efficient activation of the antioxidant system can reset the optimal redox balance in the various plant tissues. In this process, even the reactive oxygen species participate through the induction of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This process can happen at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The expression of the various redox-controlled genes can be regulated by the redox-responsive transcription factors and microRNAs. The temporal changes in their level in the various tissues, cells and compartments could be very important in the efficient response to adverse environmental conditions. In this chapter, we would like to introduce the most important results of this research field and highlight the unsolved problems to give perspectives for future research.