Essential democratic standards as well as supplementary democratic guarantees are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as the human rights treaties at global and regional levels with regard to national governmental systems. These standards and guarantees are enforceable in international judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings as well as politically, most effectively (but not without gaps) in Europe. But no general right to national democracy has yet been recognised anywhere. Concerning international democracy and the interdependence between the levels of government regarding democratic standards, only the ECHR and its Court have demonstrated problem awareness and ventured a solution, but not formulated any general right to international democracy or an adequate overall standard of democracy.

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Human Rights as Cornerstones of Democracy

  • Thomas Giegerich

摘要

Essential democratic standards as well as supplementary democratic guarantees are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as the human rights treaties at global and regional levels with regard to national governmental systems. These standards and guarantees are enforceable in international judicial and quasi-judicial proceedings as well as politically, most effectively (but not without gaps) in Europe. But no general right to national democracy has yet been recognised anywhere. Concerning international democracy and the interdependence between the levels of government regarding democratic standards, only the ECHR and its Court have demonstrated problem awareness and ventured a solution, but not formulated any general right to international democracy or an adequate overall standard of democracy.