The escalating environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuels have spurred significant interest in alternative fuels for transportation systems. This chapter provides an overview of the various alternative fuels currently being researched and implemented to mitigate environmental impact and enhance energy security. The alternative fuels such as biofuels, hydrogen, electricity, and natural gas offer the promise of reduced greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced energy security, and sustainable energy solutions. There are numerous methods, strategies, and initiatives underway right now to incorporate alternative energy sources into the transportation sector. This study examines the viability and consequences of switching to alternative fuels for transportation through an extensive review, legislative frameworks, and case studies. Infrastructure development, legal frameworks, market dynamics, and socioeconomic effects are important factors to take into account. In this study an attempt have been made to review the properties of alternative fuels as well as their applications and manufacturing potential. The article explores several energy sources that can be employed for transportation, including their characteristics, manufacturing processes, and benefits and drawbacks related to their applications. This chapter addresses future transportation and speculates about potential environmental effects of using new energy sources. In conclusion, the transition to alternative fuels for transportation is crucial for achieving long-term sustainability goals and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Continued research, technological innovation, and collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and academia are essential for realizing a more sustainable and resilient transportation sector.