Agro-industrial wastes, resulting from the intersection of agricultural and industrial processes, have seen a sudden increase in production driven by global population growth and increased food demand. This increase has given rise to multifaceted challenges, encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions, including pollution, land conflicts, and financial losses incurred during disposal. Embracing the principles of the circular economyCircular economy model, which emphasizes value addition and waste recycling for sustainable waste management, holds potential solutions to these challenges. Notably, various agro-industrial wastes have been identified as rich sources of bioactive compounds, exhibiting advantageous properties such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering these effects, the bioactive compounds harbor promising applications in the medical and healthcare sectors, contributing to disease prevention and treatment. By harnessing these waste materials as raw materials for the extraction of bioactive compounds to be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, it becomes possible to address agro-industrial waste management issues, leading to a substantial reduction in waste volumes, potentially amounting to thousands of tons. This chapter aims to elucidate the methodologies employed in the recovery of bioactive compounds from agro-industrial wastes and their subsequent applications in the medical and healthcare sectors.