Molecular switches, capable of undergoing reversible electronic and structural transitions in response to external stimuli, are integral to the development of advanced molecular electronics. This chapter explores photonic and electronic molecular switches in device configurations, focusing on their activation mechanisms and potential applications in next-generation devices. In terms of photonic switching, we present the response of several target molecules to light, and the light-induced structural changes that are critical for applications in data storage and optical-to-electrical energy conversion. For electronic switches, we present the role of electric fields and current in modulating the electronic structure of molecules, thereby altering their conductance properties. The main experimental techniques used to carry out studies at the single-molecule level, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are introduced. It is shown that the application of molecular switching offers the possibility of realizing electronic circuits at the molecular level, enhancing device functionality with high spatial precision and response speed. This chapter emphasizes the rise and development of molecular switches in electronics and photonics, highlighting their ability to operate efficiently at the molecular scale.