It is known that in 80–90% of all cases of failure of metal parts in practice, fatigue failure occurs due to fatigue fracture. This is especially true for high-strength steels, which are sensitive to stress concentrators and have a reduced fatigue limit. The X-ray tensiometry method allows us to study in detail the stress state of high-strength steel 30CrNiMo8 after rolling by rollers. It has been shown that by varying the rolling force, it is possible to provide the required level of residual stresses on the surface of parts with the required distribution over the depth, ensuring a sufficient level of fatigue strength. It was found that the level of residual stresses on the surface of the part is determined by the force of the second pass, and the depth is provided by a pass with a higher rolling force. The use of double rolling makes it possible to separately regulate the degree of adhesion and the level of residual compressive stresses of the surface layers of the processed parts, which provides a high endurance limit for crack formation in the zone of bending compressive stresses and fatigue failure in the zone of bending tensile stresses. This method of strengthening is particularly effective for press joints operating in a constant bending mode with periodic exposure to reverse bending. It has been established that changing the rolling conditions makes it possible to create optimal residual stresses on the surface and achieve the desired distribution in the surface layer. This significantly impacts the fatigue strength of parts made of high-strength steel to improve their performance.