This chapter examines the implications of littering on the right to a clean and healthy environment in Uganda, focusing on the pervasive issue of improper waste disposal in urban settings. Defined as the careless disposal of waste, littering contributes significantly to environmental degradation and poses serious risks to public health, undermining the constitutional environmental right enshrined in the 1995 Constitution of Uganda. Through a review of relevant legislation, the chapter examines the legal framework that criminalises littering as a way of deterring this behavior. It also considers Uganda’s commitment to international treaties which influence national waste management policies. The chapter further explores the roles of enforcement agencies, including the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) and the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), in implementing littering laws. Despite these measures, inadequate resources, weak enforcement, and public awareness hinder effective litter management. Ultimately, the chapter highlights the need for a coordinated approach to improve litter enforcement and promote sustainable environmental practices in Uganda.