Pre-colonial Africa escaped extinction by relying on traditional medicine to treat ailments and thus reached the height of physical and mental health. This chapter has two core objectives: to unravel the link between a satisfactory environment and the attainment of physical and mental health and to investigate the extent of political will on the part of governments in Cameroon and Nigeria to enforce the legal frameworks for the right to a healthy and satisfactory environment. The chapter establishes that orthodox and traditional medicine should be available and accessible to attain the highest level of physical and mental health. It observes that public health care is not adequate which in part explains citizens having a recourse to traditional medicine. Second, the chapter identifies the growing demand for traditional medicine while the supply is adversely affected. It argues that mining activities of multinational corporations operating in these countries lead to deforestation which supplies herbal inputs, and this hinders the supply of traditional medicine. It takes note of implementation deficit in the international instruments and national legislation to enforce a satisfactory environment and thus failing in discharging the welfare and security obligations of the State. The chapter adopts the textual analysis methodology and recommends that States should provide an enabling environment for the production and availability of orthodox and traditional medicine to complement the attainment of the highest level of physical and mental health.