This chapter examines the efforts of the government of Cameroon to strengthen the protection of the human right to a healthy environment through wildlife and forest conservation measures. It uses public policy theories to analyse the potential prospects and constraints in the conservation of Cameroon’s rich and diversified environment with a focus on wildlife and the forest. It further analyses the state of implementation of existing legal instruments, the contribution of national institutions, decentralised specialised institutions, and decentralised territorial collectivities towards the right to a healthy environment in the country. The findings indicate that Cameroon is making significant progress in the protection of its environment through the country’s ratification of international conventions and putting in place important national conservation laws, sector-based policies/strategies, and institutions. However, major setbacks in wildlife and forest conservation include inadequate implementation of international and national legal dispositions, slow implementation of sector-based policies, duplication of responsibilities due to the existence of multiple institutions with similar functions, and ineffective coordination and collaboration with international and national stakeholders. This chapter concludes that although Cameroon is making considerable progress in strengthening the conservation of its wildlife and forest resources, the implementation of existing legislation, collaboration, and coordination among key stakeholders remains a challenge and retards sustainable and effective protection of Cameroon’s natural environment, thereby affecting the protection of the constitutional right to a healthy environment.