Since the 1970s, musicology in Tunisia has grown significantly, marked by the establishment of the Higher Institute of Music of Tunis (1982) and the increasing number of musicological publications. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, this chapter offers an analysis of fifty years of musicology in Tunisia, contextualizing in the process also the terminological debates around “musicology” and “ethnomusicology.” Using a prosopographical approach combined with statistical analysis, it explores patterns in the publication of articles and monographs by Tunisian researchers in Tunisia. It examines diverse methodological approaches to Tunisian musical traditions, from oral transmission to systematized repertoires. Ultimately, the chapter is concerned with both the history of musicological thought in Tunisia and the post-independence evolution of the discipline, which is characterized by the diversification of topics, the institutionalization of the discipline, and the consolidation of Tunisian scholarly memory.