This chapter offers a historical and analytical overview of the development of astrobiology in Cuba, with a focus on research, teaching, and public outreach initiatives led primarily by the Planetary Science Laboratory at Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Since the early 2000s, Cuban researchers have contributed to astrobiology through interdisciplinary studies on prebiotic chemistry, planetary habitability, solar-terrestrial interactions, and the effects of astrophysical radiation on ecosystems. The transformation of the Gravitation and Cosmology Group into the Planetary Science Laboratory marked a turning point in establishing astrobiology as a recognized scientific field in the country. Collaborative efforts with national and international partners, including the organization of the BioGeoSciences Conferences and contributions to Springer Proceedings, have positioned Cuba as an emerging contributor to global astrobiological research. The integration of environmental sciences and astrobiology, especially under resource-constrained conditions, is highlighted as a model for scientific advancement and societal relevance in developing countries.