This chapter transitions from the immediate geopolitical shiftsGeopolitical shifts explored in the previous chapters to a forward-looking analysis of the sustainability of the Saudi-IranIran rapprochementIran-Saudi rapprochement. It critically assesses the long-term prospects of this détente, probing whether the current thaw in relations is a durable shift or a temporary alignment of strategic interestsStrategic interests. The chapter unpacks the internal, regional, and international factors that could either bolster or undermine this fragile accord, including leadership transitionsLeadership transitions, proxy dynamics, and shifting alliances. It also broadens the lens to consider the implications for global diplomacyGlobal diplomacy, highlighting how the rise of non-Western powers—particularly ChinaChina—as credible and influential mediators signals a potential reconfiguration of international conflict resolutionConflict resolution mechanisms, challenging the traditional dominance of Western-led diplomacy.