To solve the issues of accelerated mechanical wear caused by vibration of electric vehicle drive motors due to road excitation and other factors, as well as decreased passenger comfort due to noise, metamaterial damping structure is used to suppress vibration of the drive motor’s output shaft support bearing. A parameterizable annular bushing structure is created by mapping the positive/negative/zero Poisson’s ratio (PPR/NPR/ZPR) structure to investigate the impact response of each outer ring bushing under operational conditions. The results show that the lattice structures are all able to reduce the peak impact force, can reduce the peak impact force by up to 38%. The NPR-PPR annular hybrid damping structure can realize stronger damping and energy absorption effects, and its damping and energy absorption performance is increased to 41.66%. The vibration suppression structure was fabricated using 3D printing for experimental verification, and the amplitude was decreased at different rotational speeds, confirming the effectiveness of the method. This study can provide theoretical guidance for improving the vibration resistance of electric vehicle bearings.