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Both bipolar and major depressive disorders are highly prevalent and have overlapping depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder commonly presents with an initial depressive episode, posing a diagnostic challenge, with a median 9-year delay in accurate diagnosis. Additionally, treating patients with bipolar disorder with antidepressants in monotherapy can lead to ineffective outcomes or exacerbation of symptoms, including the potential for a manic switch. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for preventing long-term complications and a worse prognosis. This chapter reviews the differentiation between unipolar and bipolar depression, covering diagnostic criteria, symptoms, genetic factors, and other risk factors.

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Differential Diagnosis Between Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Depression

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Giovanna Maiolli Signori,
  • Carolina de Moura Marolli,
  • Rodrigo Martins Teixeira,
  • Gabriel Gonçalves Veloso,
  • Pedro Kazlauckas Lucas,
  • Ives Cavalcante Passos

摘要

Both bipolar and major depressive disorders are highly prevalent and have overlapping depressive symptoms. Bipolar disorder commonly presents with an initial depressive episode, posing a diagnostic challenge, with a median 9-year delay in accurate diagnosis. Additionally, treating patients with bipolar disorder with antidepressants in monotherapy can lead to ineffective outcomes or exacerbation of symptoms, including the potential for a manic switch. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for preventing long-term complications and a worse prognosis. This chapter reviews the differentiation between unipolar and bipolar depression, covering diagnostic criteria, symptoms, genetic factors, and other risk factors.