Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a standardized measure that reflects the normal distribution of intelligence within the population, defined by the most widely accepted conceptualization of intelligence as a set of cognitive abilities that enable learning from experiences and adaptation to diverse environments. Variations in IQ may be associated with the development of specific cognitive and intellectual traits in individuals at heightened risk for latent bipolar disorder (BD). This chapter is structured in three parts. The first section provides an overview of the construct of intelligence, including its historical context, known clinical and research implications, resilience and vulnerabilities, as well as a compilation of commonly used IQ tests to guide assessments in clinical and research settings. The second section explores evidence of a correlation between latent BD and neurodevelopment, examining various aspects of this relationship. This includes studies involving siblings, first-degree relatives, heritability, cohort studies focused on high-IQ subpopulations, and genetic correlation research. The third section explores future perspectives, emphasizing how cognitive reserve may interact with emerging pathways to enhance our understanding of latent BD and its relationship with intelligence and cognitive function.