This chapter intends to address some issues as to how we use the notion of signs in research within Cultural Psychology. We start by acknowledging the centrality of the semiotic function in psychological phenomena, and then we pose some questions that usually appear during the stage of data analysis in scientific research. In order to discuss how signs are used in research, we will first show examples of specific episodes of data construction in some of our group’s investigations. Then, we will bring a brief definition of signs using C.S. Peirce’s contributions, especially the ones that are used within Cultural Psychology. Later on, we will use the theoretical reflections to further analyze the research cases, and finally conclude with questions for future investigations.