This introductory chapter sets the stage for an exploration and analysis of older adults’ musical group participation and their quality of life. It is situated in a nation that leads the global trend of an aging population, Japan, which is deeply rooted in a traditional culture yet permeated with a strong desire for continuous improvement and innovation. The authors explain their rationales for the selection of the seven cases that varied widely geographically and culturally, from rural small town to world class metropolis. The role of the local culture and the Western influence are noted. The authors provide an overview of the context and the research approach in studying the seven cases, which culminates to a cross-case synthesis. The chapter concludes with a presentation of the organization of the rest of the book.