Cold chain logistics involves transporting perishable goods in temperature-controlled environments, such as cold storage reefers and containers, from farm to consumer. Despite large-scale global food production, significant losses occur due to insufficient cold storage, particularly in emerging economies. This chapter explores recent trends, challenges, and the role of digital transformation in optimizing cold chain logistics. Research mapping categorizes studies based on key issues, including distribution challenges, monitoring methods, efficiency improvements, sustainability, and associated risks. It also classifies research by perishable goods, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, vaccines, grains, and flowers. The study identifies seven critical factors influencing cold chain efficiency: shelf life, timely delivery, distribution route optimization, inventory planning, wireless technology, temperature prediction, and infrastructure. Addressing these factors is essential for improving operations and minimizing losses. The chapter provides insights for new entrants and existing practitioners in the cold chain sector, helping them enhance their strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the transformative impact of digital technologies in increasing efficiency, visibility, and ensuring the integrity of perishable goods throughout the supply chain.