Metalloid arsenic is one of the most infamous groundwater contaminants that puts millions of lives at risk every day. Anthropogenic factors such as mining and mineral processing, as well as natural ones such as leeching and rock weathering, all add to this rapidly deteriorating situation worldwide. Continued or acute exposure to such sources and doses of inorganic arsenic can cause a myriad of ailments, including but not limited to cardiac dysrhythmia, bloody diarrhea, hyper and hypo pigmentation, encephalopathy, and cancers, all of which fall under the umbrella term of arsenicosis, which eventually results death. The WHO suggests that the maximum amount of arsenic in potable water be limited to 10 μg/L because of these factors. Although it is a global issue, the least fortunate populations of the world are disproportionately affected by the problem of arsenic contamination in groundwater. In light of this, adsorption can be a very effective, rapidly deployable, and affordable solution that can be incorporated into both current water treatment systems and newly planned ones. This paper reviews the various such adsorption materials and methods that have been developed over the past decade. Adsorbents that incorporate oxides of metals like titanium and iron in various forms have shown a high affinity for inorganic arsenic species. Various zeolite-based adsorbents have also been developed that display promising results. With their adjustable surface characteristics and functional groups that may be designed for specific arsenic adsorption, modified organic adsorbents such as biochar offer a sustainable alternative. The key focus of this chapter is on the adsorption mechanisms, material synthesis, and performance evaluation of different adsorbents. Desorption and regeneration of the spent adsorbents will also be covered.