Arsenic (As) an inorganic contaminant is critical to consider when determining if groundwater is suitable for cultivation and drinking. The WHO states that the issue of arsenic in crops and drinking water, including rice, is rising alarmingly worldwide. Contaminate water, food, and irrigation pose the largest risk to human health from arsenic. This research chapter examines the problem of arsenic contamination in Indian food chains and drinking water and the need for low-cost mitigation and management methods. In many Indian states, unconfined aquifers are widely used for agricultural and drinking water supplies, where arsenic contamination is rampant and causing harm. In India, West Bengal had the highest (9126) affected dwellings as on March 2019, followed by Assam (4301). However, after taking up JAL Jeevan Mission by central government, there is a substantial change in number of habitations affected by arsenic by 2021. Mitigation strategies to reduce hazards in high-risk locations are recommended in addition to control of iAs content in drinking water and food chains.