The Yorùbá concept of àlàáfíà is often deployed in the context of quotidian colloquial expressions to refer to a variety of states of affairs, such as peace, stability, social order and a form of salutation; with particular reference to human flourishing, the same word designates health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” In the specific context of human flourishing, àlàáfíà takes on a holistic nuance in which health is conceptualised and viewed as both a means and an end in itself in the order of human capabilities. To be sure, this vision of holistic health is ordinarily considered among the Yorùbá to be of a normative, fundamental value to each person without reference to social status or other categories. This chapter aims in the first place to deploy hermeneutical and reconstructive approaches to argue for a justification of health as a human right, particularly as stipulated in the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (Article 16, n.d.) and as a propaedeutic human right to the human right to life as enshrined in section 33 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). On the other hand, this chapter shall further proceed to show that the duty of promoting the human right to holistic health in Nigeria can be grounded on the ethical principle of human vulnerability, which engages the ordinary human condition beyond the specificities of social status.