The interwoven dynamics that are making African industrial development a promising international reality derive their complexity from a mosaic reminiscent of Marianne Lewis’s Paradox Theory (2020). On the one hand, rare and sought-after national competitive advantages, a strong will on the part of multi-sector players and remarkable collective intelligence. On the other hand, infrastructures still in the making, major investment needs and the confrontation between increasingly standardised ecological requirements and potentially polluting natural resources, all intertwined with human issues, whether in the intercultural sense or linked to skills, and therefore to training. In this chapter, in an attempt to untangle this paradigmatic knot, the experts both diagnose all these paradoxes and try to envisage solutions that are reasonably sustainable and realistic in time, whether from a political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental or legal point of view.