Physical modelling is the process of creating reduced-scale models capable of predicting aspects of real-life structures or systems. These models comply with spatial and financial constraints and could be used to capture certain complex aspects of structural systems, which adds a different dimension to behaviour prediction. In fact, via physical modelling, the behaviour of a structure could be studied under various loading and environmental conditions in a controlled laboratory setting. Small-scale models enhance the feasibility of experimental tests while saving time and lab resources. In this study, a state-of-the-art review is conducted on the two most prominent physical modelling techniques, with a critical comparison of the strengths and limitations of each method.