Placebo: Evidence of the Patient’s Extended Mind
摘要
Where does the extension of a patient’s mind begin, and where does it end? To answer this question, this chapter links Extended Mind Theory (EMT) with the placebo phenomenon. The first section distinguishes between the placebo and the placebo phenomenon, particularly differentiating between its effect and response. The second section examines the neurobiological response to the placebo effect, its impact on perception and behaviour and the role of therapeutic rituals in patient outcomes. Building on the auxiliary cortex theory, the third section endorses the previous claim that a physician can serve as an extension of the patient’s mind, akin to a mother’s role for a child, acknowledging the elements that may delineate the boundaries to this extension. The final part combines the arguments that endorse the claim that the patient’s mind extends to the physician and concludes by emphasising that the placebo effect is more than a trial artefact. It is the embodiment and extension into the world of the placebo response, reflecting the interconnected nature of mind, body and environment.