This introductory chapter lays the conceptual frame of the book by addressing a central concern: the ongoing crisis in modern medicine caused by an unresolved tension between Science and Humanity. Through a metaphorical lens, the first section asserts that this dichotomy is, in fact, a false dilemma that often leaves both patients and medical professionals dehumanised. The historical section retraces key paradigm shifts—from Asklepion’s spirituality and Hippocratic observation to Cartesian dualism and modern reductionism—emphasising how technological progress, whilst transformative, has come at the cost of human connection in healthcare. In doing so, this section highlights how this trajectory has shaped today’s clinical landscape and the prevailing mindset in medical education. The central part of the chapter identifies three interwoven layers: the epistemological foundations of medicine, the cognitive and metacognitive processes in the doctor-patient relationship and the transformative role of medical education. The next section outlines the interdisciplinary and analytical approach guiding this inquiry, which brings together the philosophy of mind, cognitive science and developmental psychology. The chapter concludes by previewing the four parts of the book, culminating in its central and novel perspective: that metacognition, nurtured through humanistic education, is not only the missing link in medical training but also a necessary condition for restoring meaning, dignity and relational depth in medicine.