Global agricultural productivity is significantly hampered by salt-affected soils, which calls for sustainable management techniques. The promise of salt-tolerant medicinal plants as a twofold answer for recovering saline lands and generating useful phytochemicals for therapeutic applications is highlighted in this review. Through a variety of adaptation processes, such as osmoprotection, ion compartmentalization, and antioxidant defense, certain medicinal species, such as Aloe vera, Catharanthus roseus, Plantago ovata, Capparis spp., and Salicornia, exhibit an innate tolerance to high salinity. Exogenous applications of plant biostimulants, beneficial microbes, and nanoparticles can further increase their resilience. Furthermore, the integration of omics approaches—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—has advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of salt tolerance and secondary metabolite regulation in these plants. In addition to promoting their wider application in saline agriculture and herbal medicine, this review highlights the ecological and pharmacological importance of salt-tolerant medicinal plants, providing a viable route to soil regeneration and the synthesis of bioactive compounds.