The chestnut (Castanea) is a significant nut-fruit tree on a global scale, with economic and wildlife importance. The selection and breeding of woody species is imperative in order to combat the issue of soil salinization, which has been proven to have a significant impact on plant growth and yield. The present study aims to contribute to a more profound understanding of the subject by examining the studies conducted especially in Castanea species. A review of the extant literature on abiotic stress in Castanea species reveals a preponderance of research on drought stress, particularly in the context of climate change. In this particular context, the number of studies conducted on salt stress in Castanea tree species is limited. It is imperative that further studies are conducted to enhance our understanding of salt stress control.