Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere poses potential effect on ecosystems and human health, yet the relationship between the retention of atmospheric PM by plant leaves and the stomata on leaf surfaces has not been thoroughly investigated. This article reviews 27 studies published between 2000 and 2023, systematically analyzing the potential effect relationship between the retention of atmospheric PM by plant leaves and the stomata on their surfaces. The results indicate that the mass of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) retention by plant leaves in winter or industrial areas is 2.12–3 times higher than that in summer or park areas (p = 0.004). Conversely, the retention of PM2.5 in summer or park areas is 2.2 times higher than that in winter or industrial areas (p = 0.003). The difference in retention mass for PM10 particles is relatively small. That is, the retention mass of atmospheric PM by plant leaves is influenced by the different characteristics of stomata and shows significant differences in retention mass across different sampling seasons and regions. This article analyzes the correlation between the retention of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 particles in the atmosphere by plant leaves and their stomata, as well as the differences in PM retention mass across different sampling seasons and regions. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for urban greening construction.