The community is the smallest basic unit of administrative division in China. It is of great significance to study the relationship between building form and carbon emission in the community and explore the correlation mechanism of the two in order to realize the goal of “double carbon” and the sustainable development of cities. Based on the carbon emissions of residential communities in Fuzhou in the last 10 years, this paper uses regression equations to build a community carbon emission calculation model, and analyzes the influence mechanism of community state parameters on building carbon emissions through correlation. The spatial pattern of carbon emission in the Fuzhou community drawn by the study shows that the intensity of carbon emission spatial pattern is the highest in the city center, and the number of communities with high carbon emission increases from the center to the surrounding areas over time. The correlation analysis of community form factors and carbon emissions shows that the plot ratio, orientation, average surface area, and average physical coefficient of community buildings are significantly correlated with the carbon emissions of communities. Based on the analysis results, this paper puts forward the relevant strategies of community construction and transformation, which will contribute to the realization of China’s “carbon neutrality” goal.