This study examines dust accumulation on photovoltaic modules in the Golmud desert, Qinghai, China. By analyzing dust composition, elemental content, particle size, and weather data, it identifies land surface and airborne particles as primary sources. Through investigations of photovoltaic glass coatings and dust force models, the mechanisms of accumulation are clarified. Chemical analysis and water quality tests reveal that traditional cleaning methods corrode glass surfaces, accelerating dust buildup. To address this, the study proposes a self-cleaning dust-resistant technique, which is validated through operational monitoring, demonstrating improved cleaning efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced power generation.