Rural women are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their dual responsibilities of managing household affairs and serving as the primary labor force in agricultural production. This burden is further exacerbated by labor migration, which shifts a significant portion of farm work onto women’s shoulders. Despite their awareness of climate-adaptive agricultural practices, women face considerable barriers in accessing the necessary resources to transition to more sustainable production methods. Their continued engagement in agricultural livelihoods is often driven by the need to retain land ownership and ensure household food security. Therefore, targeted interventions are required to enhance women’s capacity and motivation to adopt climate-resilient agricultural practices. This study was conducted to analyze the impacts of climate change on agricultural production, focusing on the roles and challenges of rural women in climate-resilient agriculture. The study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, through two sociological surveys in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam. The results of the study suggested some solutions to improve women’s awareness, access, and roles in agricultural adaptation to climate change. These should focus on improving technical skills, expanding access to essential resources, and increasing women’s participation in decision-making processes related to climate change and agricultural adaptation strategies.