Weather Types Controlling Wind and Evapotranspiration in a Temperate Vineyard—A Transfer Application to a Low Wind Speed System
摘要
The vineyard Wolkenberg is located in a temperate climate with low wind speeds, but gusts up to 14 m s−1 were occasionally measured. Analysis of measurement data aimed at the identification of typical combinations of microclimatic parameters controlling evaporative processes within the vineyard. The statistical approach combines results from cluster analysis and from principal component analysis (PCA). For upscaling and prognostic purposes, daily objective weather types as defined by the German Met Service (DWD) were analyzed. Three PCA clusters were derived that show the main two constellations in which high evapotranspiration can occur in the stand (spring wind-dependent, summer dependent on saturation deficit). In both cases, there is a significant correlation with high-pressure systems in a marginal position, which usually lead to NW or SW flow with more or less wind. The local wind field was modeled to design a windbreak system to reduce wind impacts and evapotranspiration. In this case, a vertical artificial shading net was implemented in model runs. The water balance over the vegetation periods was generally negative. In years without longer summerly dry spells, the irrigation water demand over the vegetation period should be rather low (20–80 mm) and probably even lower in case of deep-rooting systems like grapevine.