With the continuous evolution of the automotive industry and increasingly complex traffic environments, Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) play a pivotal role in vehicle active safety. By regulating the wheel slip ratio, ABS effectively prevents lock-up or skidding during emergency braking, thereby enhancing braking performance and driving safety. This paper proposes an ABS control method that integrates a Tracking Differentiator (TD), a Linear Extended State Observer (LESO), and Sliding Mode Control (SMC), offering greater adaptability and robustness under complex or uncertain road conditions. Simulation results show that, compared to conventional single sliding mode control, the proposed approach achieves superior overall performance in terms of braking distance, slip ratio fluctuations, and tracking accuracy, thus providing a feasible path for further improving vehicle braking performance and safety.