In an attempt to address the growing concerns regarding climate change, the European Union adopted the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), a carbon border tax. This chapter focuses on how this extraterritorial mechanism affects the continent of Africa. Using South Africa as a case study, this chapter examines how the CBAM challenges core climate justice principles. This chapter provides an overview of the CBAM and its compliance with international obligations, providing a legal lens for a critical analysis of the CBAM and its effects on Africa. It finds that the CBAM may be contrary to the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principle, and suggestions are provided to bring the CBAM in line therewith. As it stands, it remains a reality that African countries will need to deal with the CBAM. Accordingly, recommendations are provided to assist African countries when engaging with the CBAM.