This chapter introduces the handbook by presenting its background, organization, and aims. Key themes include critical language awareness, intercultural competence, multilingualism, and employability, alongside engagements with structural barriers such as language ideologies, racism, ethnocentrism, and neoliberal governance. The handbook asks pressing questions about who benefits from internationalization, whose knowledge and identities are privileged, and how power operates across contexts. Rather than treating internationalization as a uniform or unproblematic goal, this chapter makes the case for internationalization as both the reproduction of hierarchies and a site of resistance, innovation, and transformation. This chapter briefly describes the seven thematic parts, where the contributors critically interrogate dominant paradigms, amplify marginalized voices, showcase creative activities, and envision more inclusive and socially just futures for language education.