Influence of Artificial Partial Shading of Photovoltaic Modules on Solar Rays Reflection and Loses of Generated Energy
摘要
Shading and reflections on photovoltaic modules can be significant problems affecting system efficiency and causing unpleasant impacts on the surrounding environment. Shading, caused by various obstacles leads to the reduction of electrical energy production and to possible formation of hot spots that can cause significant degradation or damage to the modules in future. Even small shading can have very negative effect on the overall performance of the photovoltaic system. This issue needs precise optimization of modules position and usage of technologies such as bypass diodes or optimizers that decrease the negative consequences of the shading. On the other side, reflections occurring due to the reflection of solar radiation from the modules surface can cause glares and dangerous visual disturbances. These glares are especially problems near airports, traffic corridors or residential areas, where they can affect human safety and comfort. Solutions include usage of anti-reflective coatings, textured surfaces and optimization of panel orientation. These measures can help to reduce the effects of reflections and shading as well, what means also improving the efficiency and environmental acceptability of photovoltaic systems. The paper focuses on possible usage of artificial shading devices, respectively various textured materials covering the upper surface of commercial monocrystalline silicon modules. Influence on the power generation is measured and compared under Standard test conditions (STC).