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To make informed decisions, people must retrieve decision-relevant information either from memory or from sources available in the environment. Formalized theories of the information-search process are scarce. In this chapter, we review evidence for the spreading-activation coherence-based model iCodes which predicts the so-called “attraction search effect” (ASE) and several moderating variables for this effect. The ASE addresses the search direction based on the current attractiveness differences between options, which has not yet been tackled by other theories. While the ASE seems ubiquitous, and several predicted moderators and new predictions have been confirmed, we also report and discuss prediction failures of the model. These improvement opportunities notwithstanding, the ASE poses an explanatory challenge for every new theory of pre-decisional information search.

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Testing a Formal Model of Coherence-Based Information Search in Decision-Making

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Arndt Bröder,
  • Sophie E. Scharf

摘要

To make informed decisions, people must retrieve decision-relevant information either from memory or from sources available in the environment. Formalized theories of the information-search process are scarce. In this chapter, we review evidence for the spreading-activation coherence-based model iCodes which predicts the so-called “attraction search effect” (ASE) and several moderating variables for this effect. The ASE addresses the search direction based on the current attractiveness differences between options, which has not yet been tackled by other theories. While the ASE seems ubiquitous, and several predicted moderators and new predictions have been confirmed, we also report and discuss prediction failures of the model. These improvement opportunities notwithstanding, the ASE poses an explanatory challenge for every new theory of pre-decisional information search.